It was named Al-Mu'athamiya school, after Al-Mu’azim Issa, who made it waqf for the students in the Hanafi doctrine. It’s located west of Al-Aqsa Mosque, across the chain door, in the southwestern tip of the Dome’s nave. King Sharaf al-Din Abu al-Mansour Issa al-Ayyubi had it established. It was built by Prince Hossam Al-Din Abi Murad Qambaz, in 604 AH - 1207 AD.
It is a two-story building. The basement is a 30-meter-long gallery that was used as an oil store sometimes as the Chapel of Hanbala. The upper floor consists of three interconnecting rooms, where the western room contains the Grand Dome; the eastern room contains another lower dome first. It has a main entrance in its northern facade and features its marble columns. The dome consists of three interconnected rooms whose grand dome is above the room, while another dome is lower, above the eastern chamber and has a main entrance located in its northern façade.
During the British occupation, it was turned into a library. Today, it is the headquarter of the Shari'a Court affiliated to Jordan. It’s now called the Office of the Acting Chief Justice.
one of the advantages of changing the use of An-Nahwiyyah dome from an Arabic language school to a court is that it became protected from the dangers of the occupation, because it oversees Al-Buraq Wall, Al-Magharibah Gate, and As-Silsila Gate, so it is a hot spot when the Zionists attack the Al-Aqsa Mosque. The Zionists stormed Al-Aqsa Mosque and An-Nahwiyyah Dome on the 30th of June,2000.
An-Nahwiyyah Dome and School were built to be designated for linguistic sciences, in addition to the Seven Recitations of the Holy Qur’an.